Tentative assignments of SERS bands reflect that some specific biomolecular contents and protein secondary structures change with colorectal cancer progression. High-quality SERS spectra of serum proteins were acquired from 103 cancer patients and 103 healthy volunteers. Acetic acid as a new aggregating agent was introduced to increase the magnitude of the SERS enhancement. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of serum proteins purified from human serum samples were employed to detect colorectal cancer.